Epidemiological characteristics of bovine brucellosis in Korea, 2000~2004 / 대한수의학회지

This paper describes the epidemiological characteristics of bovine brucellosis in Korea during January 2000~September 2004, which encompasses the period when the incidence of bovine brucellosis increased abruptly. Data from the National Animal Infectious Disease Data Management System were used for this study. A range of epidemiological measures was calculated including annual herd and animal incidence. During the study period, there were 1,183 outbreaks on 638 farms. In beef cattle, annual herd incidence increased from 0.2 (2000) to 11.5 (2004, to September) outbreaks per 10,000 and annual animal incidence varied between 3.4 (2000) and 105.8 (2004, to September) per 100,000, respectively. On 401 (62.9%) infected farms during this period, infection was eradicated without recurrence. Recurrence of infection was significantly higher on farms where abortion was reported (53.3%), compared to farms where it was not (30.0%). On beef cattle farms, infection was introduced most frequently through purchased cattle (46.2%). Based on the results of this study, the establishment and spread of brucellosis in the Korean beef cattle population were mainly due to incomplete or inappropriate treatment of aborted materials and the movement of infected cattle.

Cardiovascular and arousal responses to single-lumen endotracheal and double-lumen endobronchial intubation in the normotensive and hypertensive elderly / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Endotracheal intubation usually causes transient hypertension and tachycardia. The cardiovascular and arousal responses to endotracheal and endobronchial intubation were determined during rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia in normotensive and hypertensive elderly patients. METHODS: Patients requiring endotracheal intubation with (HT, n = 30) or without hypertension (NT, n = 30) and those requiring endobronchial intubation with (HB, n = 30) or without hypertension (NB, n = 30) were included in the study. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous thiopental 5 mg/kg followed by succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg. After intubation, all subjects received 2% sevoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), plasma catecholamine concentration, and Bispectral Index (BIS) values, were measured before and after intubation. RESULTS: The intubation significantly increased MAP, HR, BIS values and plasma catecholamine concentrations in all groups, the peak value of increases was comparable between endotracheal and endobronchial intubation. However, pressor response persisted longer in the HB group than in the HT group (5.1 +/- 1.6 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.9 min, P < 0.05). The magnitude of increases in MAP and norepinephrine from pre-intubation values was greater in the hypertensive than in the normotensive group (P < 0.05), while there were no differences in those of HR and BIS between the hypertensive and normotensive groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular response and arousal response, as measured by BIS, were similar in endobronchial and endotracheal intubation groups regardless of the presence or absence of hypertension except for prolonged pressor response in the HB group. However, the hypertensive patients showed enhanced cardiovascular responses than the normotensive patients.

Hemodynamic Changes according to the Remifentanil Effect Site Concentration for Patients under Total Intravenous Anesthesia during Laryngeal Microscopic Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Laryngeal microscopic surgery directly stimulates an airway via endotracheal intubation and insertion of a suspension laryngoscope, and this can result in acute elevation of the blood pressure and heart rate. Therefore, an anesthesia that can maintain a sufficient depth of anesthesia and simultaneously makes awakening and recovery possible in a short period is required. We wanted to present the effect site concentration of remifentanil for achieving the best anesthesia by observing the hemodynamic changes according to the effect site concentration of remifentanil. METHODS: 36 patients, who corresponded with the ASA physical status classification 1 and 2 and who were from 20 to 70 years old, were the subjects of this study. They were randomly classified into three groups according to the effect site concentration of remifentanil. Propofol 4microgram/ml was infused continuously, and remifentanil was continuously infused for each group to achieve an effect site concentration of 4 ng/ml, 6 ng/ml, and 8 ng/ml, respectively. Rocuronium 0.5 mg/kg was used. The arterial blood pressures and heart rates were measured before induction of anesthesia, before endotracheal intubation, after endotracheal intubation and after insertion of a suspension laryngoscope. RESULTS: In comparison with the other groups, the 4 ng/ml remifentanil group was able to prevent acute elevation of blood pressure and heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: For total intravenous anesthesia using propofol and remifentanil, 4 ng/ml of remifentanil is proposed to be the effect site concentration that is able to stably maintain blood pressure and heart rate during laryngeal microscopic surgery.

Assessment for the Role of Serotonin Receptor Subtype 3 for the Analgesic Action of Morphine at the Spinal Level / 대한통증학회지

BACKGROUND: Serotonin 3 receptor is involved in the modulation of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. The serotonin 3 receptor antagonist has been used for the management of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study was to examine whether the analgesic effect of morphine is antagonized by serotonin 3 receptor antagonists at the spinal level. METHODS: Rats were implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters. For nociception, a formalin solution (5%, 50microliter) was injected into the hind paw of male Sprague-Dawley rats. To determine whether the effect of intrathecal morphine was mediated via serotonin 3 receptors, serotonin 3 receptor antagonists were intrathecally administered 10 min prior to the morphine delivery. Following the formalin injection, formalin-induced nociceptive behavior (flinching response) was observed for 60 min. RESULTS: Intrathecal morphine produced a dose-dependent suppression of the flinches in both phases during the formalin test. The analgesic action of morphine was not reversed by serotonin 3 receptor antagonists (LY-278, 584, ondansetron), which had little per se effect on the formalin-induced nociception. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal serotonin 3 receptors may not be involved in the analgesia of morphine on a nociceptive state evoked by a formalin stimulus.

Study for the Antinociceptive Effect and Toxicity of Chronic Intrathecal Infusion of Cannabinoids in Rats / 대한통증학회지

BACKGROUND: Cannabinoids have shown antinociceptive action. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of chronic infusion of a cannabinoids receptors agonist (WIN 55, 212-2) for thermal nociception at the spinal level, and to also observe the development of toxicity. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters with the nociceptive response (withdrawal response latency) determined by exposing the plantar surface of the hindpaw to radiant heat. Initially, the effect of intrathecal WIN 55, 212-2 was evaluated followed by the change in the effect at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after repeated infusion. Finally, the histopathological findings were assessed 1 and 4 weeks following the infusion of WIN 55, 212-2. RESULTS: Intrathecal WIN 55, 212-2 was found to produce a limited antinociception during the thermal test. %MPE of WIN 55, 212-2 at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after infusion was not different from each other. No abnormal pathological findings were observed following a chronic intrathecal infusion of WIN 55, 212-2. CONCLUSIONS: WIN 55, 212-2, a cannabinoids receptors agonist, may be useful in the management of thermal nociception, without changing the effectiveness or causing the toxicity following a chronic infusion at the spinal level.

Mizoribine in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: Twenty Four-week Results of A Single Center, Pre-randomized, Open-label, Prospective, Comparative, Phase III Study / 대한신장학회잡지

No abstract available.

A Survey on the Status of Health Statistics Generation by the Medical Record Offices of Hospitals and its Automation Rate / 대한의료정보학회지

We surveyed the generation rate of health statistics by medical records offices of the 78 hospitals and its automation rate using computerized hospital information system. Structured questionnaire was given to one medical record officer of each hospital. Items in the questionnaire was selected from statistics required for hospital service evaluation or OECD health statistics. More than 50% of the medical record office generated questioned health statistics, and most of them was automated. Because many of the medical record offices of the hospitals are producing essential health statistics and automated, there is a possibility that we can collect and use these datas to build up national health database if adequate standardization procedure can be implemented.

Radiological assessment of spinal cord tumor by myelographic finding

The authors analyzed a series of 49 cases of spinal cord tumor confirmed by operation and biopsy at Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, from Jan. 1977 to Dec. 1981. Histologically vertified spinal cord tumors wereneurofibroma(36.7%: 18/49), meningioma(22.5%; 11/49), ependymoma(18.5%; 9/49), metastasis(10.2%; 5/49),astrocytoma(6.1%; 3/49), epidermoid (2.0%;1.49), glioblastoma multiforme(2.0%;1/49), and diffuse non-Hodgkin'slymphoma(2.0%;1.49). The results were as follows; 1. The most frequently encountered tumor was the intraduralextramedulary tumor(55.1%;27/49). The other tumors, in descending order, were intramedullary tumor(26.5%; 13/49),extradural extradural extramedullary tumor(10.2%;5/49), and intra-&extradural extramedullary tumor(8.2%;4/49).The most frequently encoutered tumor was neurofibroma(36.7%; 18/49). Four of the 18 neurofibroma were intra-&extradural extramedullary tumor, and three(3/4) were dumbbell type of neurofibroma. 2. Only 3 cases occurred under20 years of age. They were glioblastoma multiforme, neurofibroma and epidermoid. 3. No sex predominance of spinalcord tumor was seen, but the majority of the meningiomas occurred in females(81.8%). 4. The most frequent site oftumors was the thoracic region(53.1%;26/49). The order sites were the cervical regions(2.0%;1/49) . 5. Thirteencases (26.5%) showed bony changs on preliminary roentgenograms of the spine. None showed bony changes inextradural extramedullary tumor. 6. As a rule, the myelographic deformities produced by intramedullary tumorshowed fairly long fusiform dilatation of the contrast column without displacement of the spinal cord; theextradural extramedullary tumor showed coarse transverse serrated block of the contrast column; and the intraduralextramedullary tumor showed cup defect of the contrast column.